Astrolabe Discovered at Raigad Fort: New Insight into Maratha Scientific Heritage
Reported by Nisha Shinde
Raigad, 2nd June 2025: A historically significant astronomical instrument, known as a Yantraraj or astrolabe, has been unearthed during ongoing excavations at Raigad Fort. The discovery was announced by Sambhaji Raje Chhatrapati in a Facebook post. The excavation is being jointly conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Raigad Development Authority.
The ancient device—used for astronomical calculations such as tracking celestial bodies, measuring time, and determining geographical coordinates—is believed to have been employed during the construction of Raigad Fort. Sambhaji Raje described the discovery as proof of the scientifically advanced methods used during the Shivaji-era fortifications.
The astrolabe was found in the upper region of Kushavarta Lake, near the historical palace area between the rain gauge and the Vadeshwar Temple. The artifact bears engraved letters and figures resembling turtles or snakes, with markings on their mouths and tails that likely indicate cardinal directions—suggesting its use in spatial orientation.
Excavation activities have been ongoing for the past three to four years at 10–12 key locations across the fort. These include the area from the upper ropeway station to Kushavarta Lake and from the market to Jagdishwar Temple. Several remnants of Shivaji-era architecture have already been unearthed as part of this project.
Sambhaji Raje emphasized that the discovery opens new avenues for historians and researchers to explore the scientific and astronomical advancements of the Maratha period. He described the find as a “treasure of historical evidence” and a major step in understanding the technological expertise of the era.
The unearthing of the Yantraraj at Raigad adds a vital chapter to the legacy of the Maratha Empire, shedding light on the sophisticated planning and scientific knowledge behind its military and administrative establishments.
